FullDescription:Surveillance
ADS-C ETA min/max report
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Term | ADS-C ETA min/max report |
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Abbreviation
Definition
the ADS-C report containing the earliest and latest values of ETA computed by the aircraft system on the point specified by ATC (e.g. IAF).
Definition Source
SESAR Concept of Operations Step 2 Edition 2014 (Ed. 01.01.00)
Note
Lexicon Release
Lexicon Release 2015.1
ADS-C Extended Projected Profile
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Term | ADS-C Extended Projected Profile |
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Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Contract Extended Projected Profile |
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Abbreviation
ADS-C EPP
Definition
the ADS-Contract for EPP data.
Definition Source
SESAR Concept of Operations Step 1, Edition 2015
Note
Lexicon Release
Lexicon Release 2015.1
ATM Surveillance Tracker and Server
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Term | ATM Surveillance Tracker and Server |
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Abbreviation
ARTAS
Definition
a surveillance data processing and distribution system, designed to establish an accurate picture of the air situation of all traffic in a specific geographical area, and to distribute the relevant processed surveillance information to a community of user systems.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL, Skyway magazine, 3, 11/1996, p.18
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ATS surveillance service
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Term | ATS surveillance service |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A term used to indicate a service provided directly by means of an ATS surveillance system
Definition Source
ICAO, Official term and definition added to An 1 by Amdt 168 (2007), An 15 by Amdt 34 (2007) and PANS-ATM by Amdt 5 (2007)
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ATS surveillance system
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Term | ATS surveillance system |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A generic term meaning variously, ADS-B, PSR, SSR or any comparable ground-based system that enables the identification of aircraft.
Definition Source
ICAO, Official term and definition added to An 1 by Amdt 168 (2007), An 4 by Amdt 54 (2007), An 15 by Amdt 34 (2007) and PANS-ATM by Amdt 5 (2007)
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Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System
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Term | Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System |
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Abbreviation
ATCRBS
Definition
1. A surveillance radar system which uses transmitters/receivers (interrogators) and transponders.
2. a secondary surveillance radar system developed for use within the air traffic control system for more precise position reporting of planes. It is used in conjunction with the primary radar, which is used to determine the presence of planes in the airspace. ATCRBS supplements this positional information with positive identification and altitude information, allowing controllers to track each plane more precisely and efficiently.
Definition Source
1. EUROCONTROL, EATM glossary 2004
2. UNITED STATES (2000) "The Story of Mode S: An Air Traffic Control Data-Link Technology" (Emily Chang, Roger Hu, Danny Lai, Richard Li, Quincy Scott, Tina Tyan) [1]
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Aircraft address
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Term | aircraft address |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A unique combination of twenty-four bits available for assignment to an aircraft for the purpose of air-ground communications, navigation and surveillance
Definition Source
ICAO/OACI, "International Civil Aviation Vocabulary", Doc. 9713, Vol.1, 1998
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Airport and Airways Surveillance Radar
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Term | Airport and Airways Surveillance Radar |
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Abbreviation
AASR
Definition
A medium range radar designed for both airway and airport surveillance applications.
Definition Source
Transport Canada, "TP 14371 - Transport Canada Aeronautical Information Manual (TC AIM)", GEN 5.1 Glossary of Aeronautical Terms [2]
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Automatic Dependent Surveillance
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Term | Automatic Dependent Surveillance |
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Abbreviation
ADS
Definition
A surveillance technique in which aircraft automatically provide, via a data link, data derived from on-board navigation and position-fixing systems, including aircraft identification, four-dimensional position and additional data as appropriate.
Definition Source
ICAO (2010) Official definition, ANNEX 2 : Rules of the Air 2005; ANNEX 3 Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation 2010
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Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast
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Term | Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast |
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Abbreviation
ADS-B
Definition
A means by which aircraft, aerodrome vehicles and other objects can automatically transmit and/or receive data such as identification, position and additional data, as appropriate, in a broadcast mode via a data link.
Definition Source
ICAO, Official definition added to An 10/III by Amdt 76 (01/11/2001), to the PANS-ATM by Amdt 5 (2007) and modified by Amdt 40 to An 2 (2007) and Amdt 34 to An 15 (2007). Abbreviation and term added to PANS-ABC (Doc 8400) by Amdt 28 (2007).
Note
Lexicon Release
Lexicon Release 2015.2
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Contract
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Term | Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Contract |
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ADS contract |
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Abbreviation
ADS-C
Definition
A means by which the terms of an ADS-C agreement will be exchanged between the ground system and the aircraft, via a data link, specifying under what conditions ADS-C reports would be initiated, and what data would be contained in the reports.
Definition Source
SESAR Concept of Operations Step 1, Edition 2015
Note
The abbreviated term “ADS contract” is commonly used to refer to ADS event contract, ADS demand contract, ADS periodic contract.
Lexicon Release
Lexicon Release 2015.1
CCAMS Code
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Term | CCAMS Code |
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Centralised SSR Code Assignment and Management System (CCAMS) |
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Abbreviation
Definition
the SSR code that CCAMS has selected to the flight for the portion of the flight inside the CCAMS Area.
Definition Source
CCAMS User Requirements Document Vol 1
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Centralised SSR Code Assignment and Management System
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Term | Centralised SSR Code Assignment and Management System |
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secondary surveillance radar (SSR) Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) General Air Traffic (GAT) |
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CCAMS
Definition
[a tool that] centrally assigns SSR codes to all IFR/GAT flights that enter the CCAMS Area.
CCAMS will provide the assigned SSR code to the ATS Units along the route of the flight plan. The first ATS Unit in the CCAMS Area will assign the CCAMS Code to the flight concerned.
Definition Source
CCAMS User Requirements Document Vol 1
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Chain
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Term | chain |
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Abbreviation
Definition
(Reconstruction) A set of objects (e.g., plots and track updates) which belong to the same target and are correlated in space and time. They are associated to each other via aircraft identifier fields by the SASS-C Chaining process.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL, Surveillance Analysis Support System for ATC-Centre: SASS-C Glossary [3]
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Chaining
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Term | chaining |
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Definition
(Reconstruction)
1. General. A process of linking together radar target reports (plots and tracks) and other information relating to one particular object.
2. SASS-C. All plots relating to the same target object are associated (chained) using the Object Correlator (OC). The chaining process allocates the same aircraft identity number to each plot which relates to one target object. Any plots which cannot be correlated to a target object are classified as unchained and are allocated a negative aircraft identification.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL, Surveillance Analysis Support System for ATC-Centre: SASS-C Glossary [4]
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Clutter
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Term | clutter |
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Definition
(Radar) A general term used for interfering reflections of radio energy in PSR from fixed or slow moving objects. There can be a number of different types of clutter:
- Ground clutter (generally not moving);
- Weather clutter (rain, snow, etc.);
- Sea clutter;
- Angel clutter (slow moving flocks of birds and anomalous propagation conditions).
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL, Surveillance Analysis Support System for ATC-Centre: SASS-C Glossary
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Clutter density
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Term | clutter density |
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Abbreviation
Definition
The total number of unwanted Primary Radar echoes per nautical mile degree of the radar coverage area.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL, Surveillance Analysis Support System for ATC-Centre (SASS), SASS-C Glossary
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Co-located
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Term | co-located |
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Abbreviation
Definition
An expression used for antennas which are at the same physical location, but may be on-mounted, back-to-back mounted, etc., and may use a common turning gear.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) doc. "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis" SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01 [5]
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Coasting in blind zone
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Term | coasting in blind zone |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A track for which the radar returns have been interrupted while being located inside an adapted blind zone.
Definition Source
U.S. Department of Transportation (2008) Federal Aviation Administration, Interface Control Document, Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System (STARS) To Airport Surface Detection Equipment – Model X (ASDE-X), NAS-IC-21053418-01D, Final [6]
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Coasting on hold
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Term | coasting on hold |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A track for which the radar returns have been interrupted after being authorized to execute a holding procedure and being flagged “on hold” by the controller.
Definition Source
U.S. Department of Transportation (2008) Federal Aviation Administration, Interface Control Document, Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System (STARS) To Airport Surface Detection Equipment – Model X (ASDE-X), NAS-IC-21053418-01D, Final
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Coasting track
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | coasting track |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A track for which the radar returns have been temporarily interrupted and whose position and altitude are being predicted and displayed based on the previously received radar and flight plan data.
Definition Source
U.S. Department of Transportation (2008) Federal Aviation Administration, Interface Control Document, Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System (STARS) To Airport Surface Detection Equipment – Model X (ASDE-X), NAS-IC-21053418-01D, Final [7]
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Code train
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Term | code train |
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reply code reply pulse train |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A sequence of bracket (framing) and information pulses in an SSR Mode A or Mode C reply.
Definition Source
ICAO, DOC 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems 2004, Glossary
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Collimation
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Term | collimation |
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Abbreviation
Definition
The process of calculating the bias model parameters describing the systematic errors between the measurements of two co-located radar (e.g., PSR and SSR)
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (2010) SASS-C Glossary [8]
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Combination criteria
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Term | combination criteria |
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Abbreviation
Definition
The criteria with respect to azimuth and range coincidence which a primary radar plot and an SSR plot must meet to be considered to have come from the same aircraft and therefore to be able to be combined.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) doc. "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis" SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01 [9]
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Combined target report
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | Combined target report |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A target report detected by both PSR and SSR and such that both detections were sufficiently adjacent to be combined into one target report.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) doc. "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis" SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01 [10]
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Cone of silence
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | cone of silence |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A gap in coverage above a radar due to the limitations of the antenna performance at high elevation angles.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) doc. "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis" SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01 [11]
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Confidence
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | confidence |
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Abbreviation
Definition
(Track Analysis) Tracker provided value that indicates the certainty of a Track or Mode of Flight.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (2010) SASS-C Glossary
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Confirmed track
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Term | confirmed track |
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Abbreviation
Definition
Track with a high Confidence (above a tracker dependent threshold).
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (2010) SASS-C Glossary
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Control antenna
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Term | control antenna |
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Abbreviation
Definition
An SSR antenna having a polar diagram which is designed to “cover” the side lobes of the main interrogating antenna. It is used to radiate a control pulse which, if it exceeds in amplitude the associated interrogation signal at the input to the transponder, will cause the transponder to inhibit responses to the interrogation pulses. Modern SSR antennas have the control elements built into the main array. The control antennas is also known as the SLS (side-lobe suppression) antenna.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684, Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
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Control pattern
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | control pattern |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A polar diagram of the control antenna. Modern integrated SSR antennas have a “modified cardioid” beamshape.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684, Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
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Control pulse
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | control pulse |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A pulse (P2 for Modes A and C, P5 for Mode S) transmitted by the ground equipment (SSR interrogator) in order to ensure side-lobe suppression.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004), doc. 9684, Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
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Term | correlated tracks |
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Abbreviation
Definition
Tracks which have been correlated with a flight plan (sometimes this term applies only to tracks for which the Mode A code has been correlated with a call-sign in the code/call-sign list i.e. flight plan association).
Definition Source
ICAO (2004), doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
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Cosecant-squared antenna
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | cosecant-squared antenna |
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Abbreviation
Definition
An antenna pattern for which the gain is proportional to the square of the cosecant of the elevation angle. This results in an approximately constant signal, as a function of range, from an aircraft at constant flight level.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL, SASS-C Glossary
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Coverage
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Term | coverage |
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Definition
1. (radio-navigation) The coverage provided by a radio-navigation system is that surface area or space volume in which the signals are adequate to permit the user to determine position to a specified level of accuracy.
Coverage is influenced by system geometry, signal power levels, receiver sensitivity, atmospheric noise conditions and other factors which affect signal availability.
2. (general) "feature that acts as a function to return values from its range for any direct position within its spatial, temporal, or spatiotemporal domain.
EXAMPLE: Examples include a raster image, polygon overlay or digital elevation matrix.
NOTE: In other words, a coverage is a feature that has multiple values for each attribute type, where each direct position within the geometric representation of the feature has a single value for each attribute type."
Definition Source
1. ICAO Document 9613, Manual on Required Navigation Performance (RNP), Appendix A
2. ISO Standard 19123 (Geographic Information - Schema for coverage geometry and functions) (2005)
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Coverage measurement volume
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | coverage measurement volume |
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Abbreviation
CMV
Definition
the three dimensional volume of Airspace within which the performance and availability requirements will be analysed during a particular measurement campaign.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis", doc. SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01
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Data link
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | data link |
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Abbreviation
Definition
(in common channel signalling) "a combination of two data channels operating at the same data rate but in opposite directions"
Definition Source
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), Electropedia database[12]
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Data link initiation capability
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | data link initiation capability |
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Abbreviation
DLIC
Definition
A data link application that provides the ability to exchange addresses, names and version numbers necessary to initiate data link applications.
Definition Source
ICAO, Official definition, Procedures for Air Navigation Services — Air Traffic Management [ICAO Doc 4444, PANS-ATM] 2004
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Dead time
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | dead time |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A period of time during which an SSR transponder is inhibited from receiving signals after a valid interrogation is received and a reply transmitted. The term is also used to describe the time after the normal range for returns and before the next transmission from an interrogator or from a primary radar system.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004), doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
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Defruiting
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | Defruiting |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A process by which aircraft replies accepted by the interrogator-responsor are tested by means of storage and a comparator for synchronism with the interrogation-repetition frequency. Only replies which are in synchronism (correlate on a repeated basis in range) will be output from the defruiter. Other replies are rejected as “fruit” or false.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004), doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
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Degarbling
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | Degarbling |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A process of separating (and possibly validating) garbled SSR replies
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
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Delta theta
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | delta theta |
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plot run length azimuth extension |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A number of azimuth count pulses (ACPs) as measured from the plot leading edge to the plot trailing edge in a sliding window plot extractor. Also known as azimuth extension or plot run length.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
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Difference pattern
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | Difference pattern |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A receive (1 090 MHz) characteristic of a monopulse SSR antenna, obtained by connecting in antiphase the signals (replies) received by two partial antennas. The difference pattern has a minimum in the main radiation direction of the antenna and an amplitude and phase characteristic which varies as a function of angle of arrival of the received signal. Used in conjunction with the sum output of the antenna, it enables the off-boresight angle to be found.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004), doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
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Doppler shift
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | Doppler shift |
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Abbreviation
Definition
The frequency shift observed at a receiver due to any relative motion between transmitter and receiver.
Definition Source
ICAO (2006) Official definition, ANNEX 10/III Aeronautical Telecommunications — Part I, Digital Data Communication Systems; Part II, Voice Communications Systems
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Doppler speed
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | Doppler speed |
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Synonyms |
|
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|
Broader term |
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Narrower term |
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Abbreviation
Definition
The radial (to the radar sensor) velocity of a target (aircraft) or of a clutter source (false alarm) measured from its Doppler frequency shift in a received primary radar return.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL, SASS-C Glossary
Note
Downlink
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Downlink |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A term referring to the transmission of data from an aircraft to the ground. Mode S air-to-ground signals are transmitted on the 1 090 MHz reply frequency channel.
Definition Source
ICAO, Official definition:
ANNEX 10/III Aeronautical Telecommunications — Part I, Digital Data Communication Systems; Part II, Voice Communications Systems 1995, 1st ed., Amdt. 77 (27/02/2002), p. 5-1
DOC 9871 Technical Provisions for Mode S Services and Extended Squitter 2008, 1st ed., p. (x)
Note
Duplicate extractor monitoring message
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Duplicate extractor monitoring message |
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Duplicate EMM |
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Broader term |
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Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
Definition
If an Extractor Monitoring Message (EMM) is received before (Mean antenna Revolution time -30%) AND (45' of the expected EMM position) a Duplicate EMM condition exists.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL, SASS-C Glossary
Note
Duplicated secondary surveillance radar coverage
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | duplicated secondary surveillance radar coverage |
Status |
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Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
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Synonyms |
Duplicated SSR coverage |
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Broader term |
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Abbreviation
Definition
a given point in space for which the radar data used by an ATS unit for the surveillance function are derived from at least two independent SSR sources working simultaneously
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL, SASS-C Glossary
Note
Effective radiated power
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Effective radiated power |
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Abbreviation
ERP
Definition
1. the transmitted power enhanced by the gain of the antenna less the losses in cables, rotary joints, etc.
2. The product of the power supplied to the antenna and its gain relative to a half-wave dipole in a given direction.
Definition Source
1. ICAO, DOC 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems 2004
2. ICAO, DOC 9863 Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) Manual 2006
Note
Elevation angle
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | elevation angle |
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Abbreviation
Definition
the angle between the vector going from the radar head to the horizon on the one hand and the vector joining the radar head to a particular target on the other hand.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL, SASS-C Glossary
Note
Entry
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | entry |
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Abbreviation
Definition
The (moment of) crossing of an incoming track or trajectory with a predefined radar coverage area.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL, SASS-C Glossary
Note
Equivalent isotropically radiated power
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | equivalent isotropically radiated power |
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Abbreviation
e.i.r.p.
Definition
The product of the power supplied to the antenna and the antenna gain in a given direction relative to an isotropic antenna (absolute or isotropic gain).
Definition Source
ICAO, Official definition, ANNEX 10/I Aeronautical Telecommunications — Radio Navigation Aids 1995, 5th ed., Chap. 3, p. 27
Note
Expected detections
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | expected detections |
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Abbreviation
Definition
(plot analysis) expectation for Primary Radar (PR) and/or secondary surveillance radar (SSR) detections for a target which is determined by using the following concepts : miss generation volume; terrain visibility; cone of silence; transponder existence on the target.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL, SASS-C Glossary
Note
Extended length message
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Extended length message |
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Broader term |
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Abbreviation
ELM
Definition
A series of Comm-C interrogations (uplink ELM) transmitted without the requirement for intervening replies, or a series of Comm-D replies (downlink ELM) transmitted without intervening interrogations.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004), doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Extractor
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | extractor |
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Broader term |
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Abbreviation
Definition
equipment that converts radar pulses into digitised radar data.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL, SASS-C Glossary
Note
Extractor Monitoring Message
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Extractor Monitoring Message |
Status |
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Mandatory for |
|
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|
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Broader term |
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|
Abbreviation
EMM
Definition
Processing status message, correlated to the North Signal.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL, SASS-C Glossary
Note
False plot
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | false plot |
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Mandatory for |
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Broader term | |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A radar plot report which does not correspond to the actual position of a real aircraft (target), within certain limits.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004), doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
False plot analysis
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | false plot analysis |
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Mandatory for |
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Broader term | |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A SASS-C analysis application which provides a means of identifying the quantity and characteristics of false plots in a radar system.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL, SASS-C Glossary
Note
False track
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | false track |
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Mandatory for |
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Abbreviation
Definition
1. Track initiated on false SSR/PR as side lobe, reflection, second time around, angel or clutter plot.
2. A track formed from erroneous surveillance data that indicates an intruder where none exists.
Definition Source
1. EUROCONTROL (2001) EATM Glossary
2. ICAO, Cir.195, 1985, p. 68
Note
Flying angel tracks
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | flying angel tracks |
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Mandatory for |
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Abbreviation
Definition
"primary radar echo caused by a moving atmospheric refraction, atmospheric in homogeneity, insects, birds etc."
Definition Source
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANISATION RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION
(2005)
AC/323(SET-063)TP/49 RTO EDUCATIONAL NOTES EN SET-063
Knowledge-Based Radar Signal and Data Processing
Note
Framing pulses
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | framing pulses |
Status |
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Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
bracket pulses |
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Abbreviation
Definition
Pulses which “frame” the information pulses (code) of SSR Mode A and C replies (described as F1 and F2 respectively).
Definition Source
ICAO (2004), doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Fringe envelope
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | fringe envelope |
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Abbreviation
Definition
the intersection of the vertical plane passing from the Radar Sensor and the actual coverage. It defines the limits within which the system satisfies the specified performance and availability requirements.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) Radar Sensor Performance Analysis, doc. SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01
Note
Fruit
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Fruit |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A term applied to unwanted SSR replies received by an interrogator which have been triggered by other SSR interrogators. Fruit is the acronym of False Replies Unsynchronized In Time, or False Replies Unsynchronized to Interrogator Transmission.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Gain of antenna
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | gain of antenna |
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Mandatory for |
|
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|
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|
Abbreviation
Definition
A measure for the antenna of the increased (effective) transmitted power density radiated in a particular direction as compared to the power density that would have been radiated from an isotropic antenna (expressed in dB).
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Garbled Mode C
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | garbled Mode C |
Status |
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Mandatory for |
|
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|
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Broader term |
|
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Abbreviation
Definition
The condition of the Mode C in the original format is regarded as garbled.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL SASS-C Glossary
Note
Garbled mode A
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Garbled mode A |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
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|
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Broader term | |
Narrower term |
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Abbreviation
Definition
The condition of the Mode A in the original format is regarded as garbled.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL, SASS-C Glossary
Note
Garbling
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Garbling |
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Mandatory for |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A term applied to the overlapping in range and/or azimuth of two or more SSR replies so that the pulse positions of one reply fall close to or overlap the pulse positions of another reply, thereby making the decoding of reply data prone to error.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Ground radar
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | ground radar |
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|
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Abbreviation
Definition
radar installed on top of the Control Tower and used in foggy weather, it provides a ground image of the airport. Vehicles and aeroplanes are clearly shown including airborne aircraft below 200 feet.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL SASS-C Glossary
Note
Ground-initiated Comm-B protocol
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Ground-initiated Comm-B protocol |
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Abbreviation
GICB
Definition
A procedure initiated by a Mode S ground station for eliciting a Comm-B message from a Mode S airborne installation.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Heading
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | heading |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
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|
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Abbreviation
Definition
The direction, in which the longitudinal axis of an aircraft is pointed, expressed in clockwise degrees from North. Usually magnetic heading (with respect to the magnetic North Pole), sometimes true heading (with respect to the geographic North Pole).
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL SASS-C Glossary
Note
Height Monitoring Unit
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Height Monitoring Unit |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
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Abbreviation
HMU
Definition
A system capable of measuring the geometric height of an aircraft for comparison with the geometric height of the flight level at which it is being flown.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL EATMP Glossary, June 2001
Note
additional definition taken from the EUROCONTROL SASS-C Glossary:
The HMU is a passive ground based system that measures aircraft height keeping within its area of cover. Each system consists of a set of ground stations arranged as a central site with four additional receivers arranged in a square. Each site receives aircraft SSR replies (Modes A, C and S) from which the 3D position of the aircraft is derived. Using meteorological information and the Mode C/S height data it is possible to calculate the altimeter system error.Hit
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | hit |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A reception by the aircraft equipment (transponder) of one usable set of interrogation pulses as evidenced by a reply code return (i.e. receipt of 2 interrogation pulses and 1 control pulse).
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Horizontal Polar Diagram
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Horizontal Polar Diagram |
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Abbreviation
HPD
Definition
a polar plot of the antenna's radiation pattern taken in the horizontal plane.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) Radar Sensor Performance Analysis, doc. SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01
Note
Improved interrogation side-lobe suppression
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Improved interrogation side-lobe suppression |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A technique whereby interrogation pulse P1 is transmitted via both the main beam and the control beam of the SSR antenna, so that a transponder in a side-lobe direction more reliably receives a P1-P2 pulse pair.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Input
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | input |
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Abbreviation
Definition
(Track analysis) Plot information being input for the tracker.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL SASS-C Glossary
Note
Input characteristics
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | input characteristics |
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Mandatory for |
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Abbreviation
Definition
Quantities describing the tracker input information in terms of the Mode Of Flight, the Plot Quality parameters etc... Tracker performance can be measured for Constant Input Characteristics, referring to the tracker input being constant with respect to Mode Of Flight or Plot Quality parameters.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL SASS-C Glossary
Note
Input class
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | input class |
Status |
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Mandatory for |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A selected set of chains, tracks and trajectories based on a classification input criterion.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (2001) EATM Glosary
Note
Interlace
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | interlace |
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Mandatory for |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A repeating series of SSR interrogation modes. The interlace pattern may be determined either on a p.r.p. (pulse-repetition period) to p.r.p. basis or on an antenna rotation to antenna rotation basis. It may also be made on a combined p.r.p./antenna basis.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Interleave
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | interleave |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A condition where two or more pulse trains become superimposed in time so that their pulse time spacing can be distinguished and the correct codes established.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Interrogator
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | interrogator |
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Abbreviation
Definition
The ground-based surveillance radar beacon transmitter-receiver, which normally scans in synchronism with a primary radar, transmitting discrete radio signals which repetitiously request all transponders on the mode being used to reply. The replies received are mixed with the primary radar returns and displayed on the same plan position indicator (radar scope). Also, applied to the airborne element of the TACAN/DME system.
Definition Source
FAA (2010) Pilot/Controller Glossary [13]
Note
Interrogator Repetition Frequency
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Interrogator Repetition Frequency |
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Abbreviation
IRF
Definition
An average number of interrogations per second transmitted by the radar. (See also “Pulse Repetition Frequency”.)
Definition Source
ICAO (2004), doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Interrogator side-lobe suppression
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Interrogator side-lobe suppression |
Status |
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Abbreviation
ISLS
Definition
A method of preventing transponder replies to interrogations transmitted through the ground antenna side lobes.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Interrogator-responsor
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | interrogator-responsor |
Status |
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Mandatory for |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A ground-based combined transmitter-receiver element of an SSR system.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Inventory analysis
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | inventory analysis |
Status |
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Mandatory for |
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Abbreviation
Definition
The inventory analysis consists of the Radar Statistics program (also referred to as RASTA) and four graphics inventory programs. For Mode S purposes four additional displays are existing.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL SASS-C Glossary
Note
Leading edge
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | leading edge |
Status |
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Mandatory for |
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Abbreviation
Definition
1. (Surveillance) "Front edge of a pulse."
2. (aircraft) "The forward edge of an aerofoil or other body moving through the air."
Definition Source
1. EUROCONTROL SASS-C Glossary
2. Agard Multilingual Aeronautical Dictionary
Note
Lobing
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Lobing |
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Abbreviation
Definition
(antenna pattern) A process whereby, due to interference of two waves, one direct and one reflected, differences in phases cause larger or smaller amplitudes than expected for free space, causing differences in signal amplitudes.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Local code
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | local code |
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Abbreviation
Definition
a SSR code from a pool of codes not managed by CCAMS (i.e. available to ATS Units only). This code can be assigned by ATS Units to flights in special circumstances, e.g. when the ATS Unit has not received a CCAMS Code in time. Each ATS unit will have its own pool of Local Codes.
Definition Source
CCAMS User Requirements Document Vol 1
Note
Local track
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | local track |
Status |
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Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
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Synonyms |
mono track |
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|
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|
Abbreviation
Definition
an aircraft trajectory calculated from plots received during several rotations of one radar antenna
Definition Source
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY (2000) COMPETITIVE AND SUSTAINABLE GROWTH PROGRAMME, INTENT WP 3 Implementation Roadmap, p. 27 (tracking) [14]
Note
Main track
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | main track |
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|
Abbreviation
Definition
(track analysis) A track which existed before and after a multiple track event, i.g. in an extra track event.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL SASS-C Glossary
Note
Mean antenna Revolution time
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | mean antenna revolution time |
Status |
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Mandatory for |
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|
Abbreviation
Definition
The time between reception of the first EMM and the last EMM divided by the total number of antenna rotations.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL SASS-C Glossary
Note
Miss generation volume
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | miss generation volume |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
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|
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|
Abbreviation
Definition
An intentionally introduced term to define miss allocation space. Currently it is defined by the PR or SSR maximum range.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL, SASS-C Glossary
Note
Mode
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | mode |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
SSR mode |
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|
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|
Abbreviation
Definition
The conventional identifier related to specific functions of the interrogation signals transmitted by an SSR interrogator.
Definition Source
ICAO, Official definition, PANS-ATM Procedures for Air Navigation Services — Air Traffic Management [Doc 4444] 2001, 14th ed., Chap. 1
Note
There are four modes specified in Annex 10: A, C, S and intermode.
Mode C out of spec
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Mode C out of spec |
Status |
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Mandatory for |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A Mode C is said to be out of spec if it is less than FL- 12 parameters or greater than FL700 parameters.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL SASS-C Glossary
Note
Mode S
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Mode S |
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Mandatory for |
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|
Abbreviation
Definition
An enhanced mode of SSR that permits selective interrogation and reply capability.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Whilst traditional Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) stations interrogate all aircraft within their range, Mode S establishes selective and addressed interrogations with aircraft within its coverage. Such selective interrogation improves the quality and integrity of the detection, identification and altitude reporting. These improvements translate into benefits in terms of safety, capacity and efficiency - benefits which are key to supporting the future of the high-traffic density airspace of Europe.
Note Source
EUROCONTROL, CFMU Glossary, Sept. 2011
Mode S all call
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Mode S all call |
Status |
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Mandatory for |
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Broader term |
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Narrower term |
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Abbreviation
Definition
Interrogation to all Mode S equipped aircraft. It is used by Mode S sensor to acquire the Mode S addresses of the aircraft in its coverage.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL SASS-C Glossary
Note
Mode S radar
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Mode S radar |
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Mandatory for |
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Abbreviation
Definition
"A co-operative surveillance and communication system that has been designed as an evolutionary improvement to the existing SSR system. With a Mode S radar, only one scheduled surveillance interrogation and one reply are required on every antenna scan to accurately track the aircraft. Each aircraft reply has a unique 24 bit mode S address permanently associated with the aircraft."
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL SASS-C Glossary
Note
Mode S roll call
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Mode S roll call |
Status |
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Mandatory for |
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Abbreviation
Definition
Addressed UF 4, 5, 20, 21 or 24 Mode S interrogation or DF 4, 5, 20, 21 or 24 transponder reply.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL SASS-C Glossary
Note
Mode S specific protocol
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Mode S specific protocol |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
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Synonyms |
Mode select specific protocol |
Related entries |
|
Broader term | |
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
MSP
Definition
A protocol that provides restricted datagram service within the Mode S subnetwork.
Definition Source
ICAO (1995) Official definition, ANNEX 10/III Aeronautical Telecommunications — Part I, Digital Data Communication Systems; Part II, Voice Communications Systems 1995, 1st ed., p. 5-2
Note
Mode S subnetwork
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Mode S subnetwork |
Status |
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Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
Mode select sub network |
Related entries |
|
Broader term | |
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
Definition
A means of performing an interchange of digital data through the use of secondary surveillance radar (SSR) Mode S interrogators and transponders in accordance with defined protocols.
Definition Source
ICAO (1995) Official definition, ANNEX 10/III Aeronautical Telecommunications — Part I, Digital Data Communication Systems; Part II, Voice Communications Systems
Note
Mode S target report
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Mode S target report |
Status |
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Mandatory for |
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Narrower term |
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Abbreviation
Definition
those target reports capable of passing the standard Mode S default filter.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL SASS-C Glossary
Note
Monopulse
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | monopulse |
Status |
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Mandatory for |
|
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Abbreviation
Definition
A technique wherein the amplitudes and/or phases of the signals received in overlapping antenna lobes are compared to estimate the angle of arrival of the signal. The technique determines the angle of arrival of a single pulse, or reply, within an antenna beamwidth. The angle of arrival is determined by means of a processor using the replies received through the sum and difference patterns of the antenna.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
The monopulse technique is generally termed “monopulse direction finding”.
Multi Radar Trajectory Reconstruction
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Multi Radar Trajectory Reconstruction |
Status |
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Mandatory for |
|
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Narrower term |
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Abbreviation
MURATREC
Definition
A suite of programs whose main functions are Estimation of the Systematic Errors present in radar plot data and calculation of accurate Trajectories for individual aircraft.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL SASS-C Glossary
Note
Multilateration system
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | multilateration system |
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Mandatory for |
|
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time difference of arrival (TDOA) |
Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
Abbreviation
MLAT
Definition
A group of equipment configured to provide position derived from the secondary surveillance radar (SSR) transponder signals (replies or squitters) primarily using time difference of arrival (TDOA) techniques. Additional information, including identification, can be extracted from the received signals.
Definition Source
ICAO (2010), ANNEX 10/IV Aeronautical Telecommunications — Surveillance Radar and Collision Avoidance Systems 2010, Amdt. 85
Note
Multipath
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | multipath |
Status |
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Mandatory for |
|
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|
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|
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|
Narrower term |
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Abbreviation
Definition
Interference and distortion due to the presence of more than one path between transmitter and receiver.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997), "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis", doc. SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01
Note
North message
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | north message |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
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Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
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Abbreviation
Definition
Special message(s) generated by a plot extractor to indicate the passage of the antenna bore sight bearing through North.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL SASS-C Glossary
Note
Object
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | object |
Status |
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Mandatory for |
|
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Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
Definition
A combination of radar targets and related information which are correlated in time and space.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis", doc. SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01
Note
Off-boresight angle
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | off-boresight angle |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
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Broader term |
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Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
OBA
Definition
In monopulse SSR, the angle (calculated by the OBA processor) by which a target is off (away from) the boresight (...), within the beamwidth of the antenna.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis", doc. SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01
Note
On-site processing delay
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | On-site processing delay |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
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|
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Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
Definition
The time expressed in seconds between the moment a radar target for a given aircraft is detected and the moment when the corresponding report starts to be transmitted.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis", doc. SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01
Note
Operational Coverage Volume
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Operational Coverage Volume |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
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|
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|
Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
OCV
Definition
The airspace volume defined during the site commissioning of the Radar Sensor and in which radar services can be provided according to the local operational requirements.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis", doc. SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01
Note
Originating Region Code Assignment Method
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Originating Region Code Assignment Method |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
|
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Centralised SSR Code Assignment and Management System (CCAMS) participating area (PA) |
Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
ORCAM
Definition
method of allocating codes to States/units on a permanent basis to be assigned to flights
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (2009) webpage "FAQ about CCAMS" [15]
Note
The Originating Region Code Allocation Method (ORCAM) is provided to permit a flight to respond on the same code to successive units within a participating area. (source: Commission Regulation (EC) No 2082/2000 of 6 September 2000 adopting Eurocontrol standards and amending Directive 97/15/EC, adopting Eurocontrol standards and amending Council Directive 93/65/EEC)
Over-interrogation
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | over-interrogation |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
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|
Synonyms |
|
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|
Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
Definition
Interference in the operation of a secondary radar system due to the fact that the number of interrogations exceeds the capacity of the transponder (a preset value). The action of the transponder is an automatic reduction in transponder receiver sensitivity.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004), doc. 9684, Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Participating area
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | participating area |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
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|
Synonyms |
|
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Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
PA
Definition
An area of specified dimensions comprising the areas of ATS responsibility of several States wherein a four-digit code assigned to a specific aircraft engaged in an international flight is normally retained by this aircraft while operating in that area.
Definition Source
ICAO (2001) FACILITIES AND SERVICE IMPLEMENTATION DOCUMENT AFRICA-INDIAN OCEAN REGION VOLUME II - FASID, First Edition, ABBREVIATIONS AND GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Note
Plot
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | plot |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
|
Related entries | |
Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
Abbreviation
Definition
A target report resulting from digital integration of the received echoes (PSR) or replies (SSR) inside the antenna beamwidth. The PSR report contains range and bearing information whereas the SSR report contains in addition Mode 3/A identity code and the Mode C decoded altimeter height value.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis", doc. SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01
Note
Plot combiner
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | plot combiner |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
|
Related entries | |
Broader term | |
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
Definition
A signal processing device for the combination of PSR and SSR data ascertained as having originated from the same target (aircraft). Targets failing to meet pre-defined combination criteria will be output as "PSR only" or "SSR only" plots in place of "combined plots".
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis", doc. SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01
Note
Plot extractor
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | plot extractor |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
|
Related entries | |
Broader term | |
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
Definition
Signal processing equipment which converts PSR or SSR video into an output data message suitable for transmission through a data transmission medium or possibly to further data processing equipment. (See “Plot filter”.)
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Plot filter
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | plot filter |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
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Synonyms |
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|
Broader term | |
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
Definition
Signal processing equipment which filters out radar plot data positively identified as stationary by a rotation scan-to-scan correlation process.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Plot resolution
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | plot resolution |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
|
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|
Broader term | |
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
Definition
A separation in range and azimuth between two plots, for which the quality of the information of one plot is not affected by the presence of the other plot.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Plot run length
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | plot run length |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
|
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|
Broader term | |
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
Definition
The number of azimuth count pulses between the first and last detection of a plot presence in a sliding window plot extractor (see "Delta theta").
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Polar diagrams
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | polar diagrams |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
|
Related entries |
|
Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
Definition
Horizontal or vertical radiation patterns for a radar antenna whereby the relative gain is plotted as a function of the relative azimuth (horizontal polar diagram) or as a function of the relative elevation angle (vertical polar diagram). Polar diagrams for LVA antennas are measured separately on uplink and downlink with respect to the main beam axis.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Polarisation
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | polarisation |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
|
Related entries |
|
Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
Definition
Direction of the electrical field vector of radiated radar energy with respect to a plane tangential to the earth (horizontal, vertical, left-hand circular, right-hand circular, elliptical, etc.).
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis", doc. SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01
Note
Polished plots
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | polished plots |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
|
Related entries |
|
Broader term | |
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
Definition
Target reports at the output of the plot filter which rejects false targets coming from fruit, reflections, etc. Alternatively they are called filtered plots.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis", doc. SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01
Note
Precision Approach Radar
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Precision Approach Radar |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts | |
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
|
Related entries |
|
Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
PAR
Definition
Primary radar equipment used to determine the position of an aircraft during final approach, in terms of lateral and vertical deviations relative to a nominal approach path, and in range relative to touchdown.
Definition Source
Aeronautical Information Feature Data Dictionary (AIFDD)
Ref. ICAO, Official definition, ANNEX 10/I Aeronautical Telecommunications — Radio Navigation Aids
Note
Primary surveillance radar
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | primary surveillance radar |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
|
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Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
PSR
Definition
1. A surveillance radar system which uses reflected radio signals.
2. A radar which detects presence of a target based on reflected radar energy from that target.
Definition Source
1. ICAO, Official definition, PANS-ATM Procedures for Air Navigation Services — Air Traffic Management [Doc 4444] 2001, 14th ed., Chap. 1
2. EUROCONTROL (1997) doc. "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis" SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01 [16]
Note
Pulse Repetition Frequency
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Pulse Repetition Frequency |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
pulse recurrence frequency |
Related entries | |
Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
PRF
Definition
An average number of pulses/interrogations per second transmitted by the radar (see “Stagger”). Also known as pulse recurrence frequency.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004), doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Pulse position modulation
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | pulse position modulation |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
|
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Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
PPM
Definition
Modulation technique used for Mode S replies where a pulse transmitted in the first half of the bit position interval represents a binary ONE, whereas a pulse transmitted in the second half represents a binary ZERO.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Pulse train
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | pulse train |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
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Synonyms |
|
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|
Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
Definition
A sequence of framing and information pulses in the coded SSR reply.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Quick Reaction Codes
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Quick Reaction Codes |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
|
Related entries |
Centralised SSR Code Assignment and Management System (CCAMS) |
Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
QRC
Definition
A limited amount of Omni directional SSR codes made available by the CCAMS Office on request in case of a single ATS unit failure.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL, CCAMS Contingency Plan Ed 1.0
Note
RED Code
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | RED Code |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
|
Related entries |
Centralised SSR Code Assignment and Management System (CCAMS) |
Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
Definition
a pre-defined and agreed list of SSR codes that will be made available after declaration of CCAMS contingency level RED in order to allow their allocation to ATS Units for assignment according to a predefined scheme. The RED codes are described in the CCAMS Contingency Plan.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL, CCAMS Contingeny plan Ed 1.0
Note
Radar Cross Section
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Radar Cross Section |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
|
Related entries |
|
Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
RCS
Definition
The area intercepting that amount of power which, when scattered equally in all directions, produces an echo at the radar equal to that from the target.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis", doc. SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01
Note
Radar Data Processing System
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Radar Data Processing System |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
|
Related entries |
|
Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
RDPS
Definition
A sub-system of an ATC centre which processes the incoming radar data (from one or more radar data sources) and prepares it for display.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis", doc. SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01
Note
Radial
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | radial |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
|
Related entries | |
Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
Definition
1. A straight line of constant azimuth from the radar sensor site. A radial test flight would follow such a line.
2. A magnetic bearing extending from a VOR navigation facility.
Definition Source
1. EUROCONTROL (1997) "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis", doc. SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01
2.ICAO (2006) Terminology, Reference and Documenation database
Note
Receiver Side-Lobe Suppression
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Receiver Side-Lobe Suppression |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
|
Related entries | |
Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
RSLS
Definition
A method, using two (or more) receivers to suppress aircraft replies which have been received via side lobes of the main beam of the antenna.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Reflections
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | reflections |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
|
Related entries | |
Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
Definition
Unwanted signals (PSR or SSR) in the uplink and/or downlink paths resulting in erroneous replies entering the data processing system. Typical reflectors are ground obstructions such as aircraft hangars, buildings, towers and adjacent hills or mountains.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis", doc. SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01
Note
Reply
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | reply |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
|
Related entries | |
Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
Definition
The pulse train received at a SSR ground station as a result of successful SSR interrogation.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis", doc. SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01
Note
Required Surveillance Performance
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | Required Surveillance Performance |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts | |
Categories |
|
Synonyms |
|
Related entries | |
Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
RSP
Definition
the set of system performance parameters that are required for a surveillance system to support a surveillance application.
Definition Source
ICAO (2002), doc. SCRSP/WG-A, WP A/4-140, SURVEILLANCE AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION SYSTEMS PANEL, AIRBORNE SURVEILLANCE AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION SYSTEMS, WORKING GROUP A, 4th Meeting, Langen, November 2002, Agenda item 4 a. RSP for airborne surveillance, Framework for the development of RSP
Note
Lexicon Release
Lexicon Release 2015.2
Resolution
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | resolution |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
Surveillance
|
Synonyms |
|
Related entries |
|
Broader term |
|
Narrower term |
|
Abbreviation
Definition
1. (surveillance) Ability of a system to distinguish between two or more targets in close proximity to each other both in range and bearing (azimuth).
2. (AIS) A number of units or digits to which a measured or calculated value is expressed and used.
Definition Source
1. ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
2. ICAO (2010) Official definition, ANNEX 15 Aeronautical Information Services
Note
Resolution advisory
Link | Semantic Value |
---|---|
Term | resolution advisory |
Status |
|
Mandatory for |
|
Contexts |
|
Categories |
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Abbreviation
RA
Definition
An indication given to the flight crew recommending:
a) a manoeuvre intended to provide separation from all threats; or
b) a manoeuvre restriction intended to maintain existing separation.
Definition Source
ICAO (2007) Annex 10, Aeronautical Telecommunications, Volume IV (Surveillance and Collision Avoidance Systems)
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Ring-around
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Term | ring-around |
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Definition
The continuous reception of aircraft replies to interrogations by the side lobes of the ground antenna. This normally occurs only at short ranges and high elevation angles, usually due to the nonexistence of a side-lobe suppression mechanism or the improper functioning of this mechanism at either the interrogator or the transponder side.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis", doc. SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01
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Round reliability
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Term | round reliability |
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Definition
A probability of receipt of a correct reply, resulting from either an SSR interrogation or a PSR transmission.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
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SSR Mode A
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | SSR Mode A |
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Definition
The identification of an aircraft as reported by its SSR transponder. This 12-bits code is manually set by the pilot on request of ATC. This code is often called the 'squawk identification' and is usually represented as 4 octal digits (e.g. 0627). Special codes are reserved for emergency situations (7500 = hijack, 7600 = radio failure, 7700 = general emergency). (often abbreviated as: SSR code).
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL, SASS-C Glossary
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SSR Mode C
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | SSR Mode C |
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Abbreviation
Definition
The altitude of an aircraft as reported by its SSR transponder expressed in flight levels. Possible values are between FL 12 and FL 1267. (Pronounced Mode Charlie).
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL SASS-C Glossary
Note
SSR Mode S
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | SSR Mode S |
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Abbreviation
Definition
An enhanced mode of SSR which permits the interrogation of SSR equipped aircraft and addressed interrogations with two way data exchange for suitably equipped aircraft.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL SASS-C Glossary
Note
SSR Mode S address
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | SSR Mode S address |
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Definition
The SSR Mode S address shall be one of 16 777 214 twenty-four-bit aircraft addresses allocated by ICAO to the State of Registry or common mark registering authority and assigned as prescribed in 3.1.2.4.1.2.3.1.1. in the Appendix to Chapter 9, Part 1, Volume III, Annex 10.
Definition Source
ICAO, Annex 10, Aeronautical Telecommunications, Volume IV
Note
SSR code
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | SSR code |
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code (SSR) |
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Abbreviation
Definition
1. code (SSR) "The number assigned to a particular multiple pulse reply signal transmitted by a transponder in Mode A or Mode C."
2. SSR code "A four-digit octal number received from the aircraft transponder when it is interrogated by a secondary surveillance radar (SSR)"
Definition Source
1. ICAO, Official definition, PANS-ATM Procedures for Air Navigation Services — Air Traffic Management [Doc 4444] 2001, 14th ed. (Amdt 3, 29/06/2004)
2. Transport Canada (2010) Glossary for Pilots and Air Traffic Services Personnel, [17]
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Second-Time Around Targets
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | Second-Time Around Targets |
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Abbreviation
STAT
Definition
Target returns from ranges beyond that associated with a basic PRF interval.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis", doc. SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01
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Secondary surveillance radar
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | secondary surveillance radar |
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Abbreviation
SSR
Definition
A surveillance radar system which uses transmitters/receivers (interrogators) and transponders.
Definition Source
ICAO Official definition, ANNEX 10/IV Aeronautical Telecommunications — Surveillance Radar and Collision Avoidance Systems
Note
Secondary surveillance radar (SSR), which had its beginnings in wartime Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) systems, transmits pulses of energy which trigger a response from an airborne transponder, with range and bearing obtained in the same way as primary radar. (source: ICAO, "APOSI Airports International" 1993, April, p. 28 [TF-ATM])
Secondary surveillance radar transponder
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | Secondary surveillance radar transponder |
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SSR transponder |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A unit which transmits a response signal on receiving an SSR interrogation. The term is a derivative of the words transmitter and responder.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
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Side lobes
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | side lobes |
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Abbreviation
Definition
Lobes of the radiation pattern of an antenna, which are not part of the main or principal beam. Radar systems can have sufficient sensitivity via side lobes for successful detection of aircraft (particularly for SSR, but also for PSR). Special precautions are necessary to protect against these false plots.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Side-lobe suppression
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | side-lobe suppression |
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Abbreviation
Definition
A mechanism in an SSR transponder activated by the transmission (radiation) of a control pulse (P2 or P5) of amplitude greater than the antenna side-lobe signals-in-space, which will enable the transponder to prevent itself from replying to the side-lobe interrogation signals.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
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Spurious plot
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | spurious plot |
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Abbreviation
Definition
Unwanted radar plot not corresponding directly with an aircraft position (generally applied for SSR).
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis", doc. SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01
Note
Squitter
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | squitter |
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Abbreviation
Definition
The spontaneous periodic transmission by a Mode S transponder (nominally once per second) of a specified format to permit passive acquisition by Mode S interrogators with broad antenna beams (e.g. ACAS).
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Stagger
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Term | Stagger |
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Abbreviation
Definition
Deliberate, controlled variation of the pulse repetition frequency of the SSR to prevent aircraft plots due to second-time-around replies.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004), doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Sum pattern
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | sum pattern |
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Definition
Normal radiation pattern for the main directional beam of an antenna. Contrasts with the “difference pattern”, where parts of the radiating elements of the antenna are switched in anti-phase to produce signals proportional to the amount by which the source is off the boresight of the sum pattern.
Definition Source
ICAO (2004) doc. 9684 Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Systems
Note
Surveillance radar
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Term | ' |
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Abbreviation
Definition
Radar equipment used to determine the position of an aircraft in range and azimuth.
Definition Source
ICAO (2005) Official definition, ANNEX 10/IV Aeronautical Telecommunications — Surveillance Radar and Collision Avoidance Systems
Note
Surveillance services
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | surveillance services |
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Abbreviation
SUR
Definition
facilities and services used to determine the respective positions of aircraft to allow safe separation.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL Specification for Economic Information Disclosure, Edition 2.6, Edition date: 31.12.2008, Reference nr: EUROCONTROL-SPEC-0117
Note
System track
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | system track |
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multi track |
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Definition
an aircraft trajectory calculated from plots coming form several radar sites or by combining several mono tracks
Definition Source
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY (2000) COMPETITIVE AND SUSTAINABLE GROWTH PROGRAMME, INTENT WP 3 Implementation Roadmap, p. 27 (tracking) [18]
Note
Systematic errors
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | systematic errors |
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Definition
"...the bias or fixed component of the radar error. In SASS-C this is modelled using 6 variables: the position, (U,V) of the radar, range, range gain, azimuth and time.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL, SASS-C Glossary
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Target report
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | target report |
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Definition
A digital message which depending on the filtering function applied can be either polished / filtered plot or track.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) doc. "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis" SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01 [19]
Note
Time difference of arrival
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | time difference of arrival |
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Abbreviation
TDOA
Definition
The difference in relative time that a transponder signal from the same aircraft (or ground vehicle) is received at different receivers.
Definition Source
ICAO (2010) ANNEX 10/IV Aeronautical Telecommunications — Surveillance Radar and Collision Avoidance Systems 2010, amdt 85
Note
Time stamp
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | time stamp |
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Definition
The addition of the time information - in the relevant field - in the target report (plot or track).
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis", doc. SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01
Note
In the ASTERIX ("All Purpose STructured Eurocontrol SuRveillance Information EXchange") the time information is coded in two octets with Least Significant Bit (LSB) equal to 1/128 seconds.
Time stamp error
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | time stamp error |
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Abbreviation
Definition
the constant time difference between the time system used for plot detection time stamping and a common reference time.
Definition Source
EUROCONTROL (1997) "Radar Sensor Performance Analysis", doc. SUR.ET1.ST03.1000-STD-01-01
Note
Track
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Term | track |
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Abbreviation
Definition
1. A target report resulting from the correlation, by a special algorithm (tracking) of a succession of radar reported positions for one aircraft. The report normally contains smoothed position and speed vector information.
2. The locus of positions grouped over time which defines the path of an aircraft in flight as referenced to a desired coordinate system (e.g., slant range (range, azimuth), geographical or Cartesian (range-x, range-y, range-z)).
Definition Source
1. EUROCONTROL, SASS-C (Surveillance Analysis Support System for ATC-Centre) Glossary
2. U.S. Department of Transportation (2008) Federal Aviation Administration, Interface Control Document, Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System (STARS) To Airport Surface Detection Equipment – Model X (ASDE-X), NAS-IC-21053418-01D, Final
Note
Trailing edge
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | trailing edge |
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Abbreviation
Definition
1. (Surveillance) "Outline of pulse as amplitude falls from peak to zero or minimum positive value."
2. (Aircraft) The rear edge of an airfoil.The trailing edge is normally thin and sharp. The ailerons are normally located on the trailing edge of the wing.
Definition Source
1. Jane's Aerospace Dictionary, 1988
2. NASA Quest [20]
Note
Transponder
Link | Semantic Value |
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Term | transponder |
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Abbreviation
Definition
1. A receiver/transmitter which will generate a reply signal upon proper interrogation; the interrogation and reply being on different frequencies.
2. (AIM) The airborne radar beacon receiver/transmitter portion of the Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS) which automatically receives radio signals from interrogators on the ground, and selectively replies with a specific reply pulse or pulse group only to those interrogations being received on the mode to which it is set to respond.
Definition Source
1. ICAO (2006) Terminology, Reference & Documentation database
2. FAA (2010) Pilot/Controller Glossary [21]
Note
Wide area multilateration
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Term | wide area multilateration |
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Abbreviation
WAM
Definition
Multilateration systems that monitor aircraft in flight. (As distinct from surface surveillance)
Definition Source
National Aerospace Laboratory NLR (2005), NLR-CR-2004-472, Wide Area Multilateration, Report on EATMP TRS 131/04, Version 1.1
Note